TUGAS IBD 9 MANUSIA DAN KEGELISAHAN



A. Pengertian Kegelisahan

Kegelisahan berasal dari kata gelisah, yang berarti tidak tenang hatinya, selalu merasa khawatir, tidak tenang, tidak sabar, cemas. Sehingga kegelisahan merupakan hal yang menggambarkan seseorang tidak tentram hati maupun perbuatannya, merasa khawatir, tidak tenang dalam tingkah lakunya, tidak sabar ataupun dalam kecemasan.
Kegelisahan merupakan salah satu ekspresi dari kecemasan. Karena itu dalam kehidupan sehari – hari, kegelisahan juga diartikan sebagai kecemasan, kekhawatiran ataupun ketakutan. Masalah kecemasan atau kegelisahan berkaitan juga dengan masalah frustasi, yang secara definisi dapat disebutkan, bahwa seseorang mengalami frustasi karena apa yang diinginkan tidak tercapai.

B. Sebab – Sebab Orang Gelisah
Apabila kita kaji, sebab – sebab orang gelisah adalah karena pada hakekatnya orang takut kehilangan hak – haknya. Hal itu adalah akibat dari suatu ancaman, baik ancaman dari luar maupun dari dalam.

C. Usaha – Usaha Mengatasi Kegelisahan
Mengatasi kegelisahan ini pertama – tama harus mulai dari diri kita sendiri, yaitu kita harus bersikap tenang. Dengan sikap tenang kita dapat berpikir tenang, sehingga segala kesulitan dapat kita atasi.
Untuk mengatasi kegelisahan yang paling ampuh kita memasrahkan diri kepada Tuhan. Kita pasrahkan nasib kita sepenuhnya kepada-Nya. Kita harus percaya bahwa Tuhanlah Maha Kuasa, Maha Pengasih, Maha Penyayang dan Maha Pengampun.

D. Keterasingan
Keterasingan berasal dari kata terasing, dan kata ini berasal dari kata dasar asing. Kata asing berarti sendiri, tidak dikenal orang. Sehingga kata terasing berarti tersisihkan dari pergaulan, terpisahkan dari yang lain atau terpencil. Jadi kata keterasingan berarti hal – hal yang berkenaan dengan tersisihkan dari pergaulan, terpencil atau terpisah dari yang lain.
Terasing atau keterasingan adalah bagian hidup manusia. Sebentar atau lama orang pernah mengalami hidup dalam keterasingan, sudah tentu dengan sebab dan kadar yang berbeda satu sama lain.

E. Kesepian
Kesepian berasal dari kata sepi yang berarti sunyi atau lenggang, sehingga kata kesepian berarti merasa sunyi atau lengang, tidak berteman. Setiap orang pernah mengalami kesepian, karena kesepian bagian hidup manusia. Lama rasa sepi itu bergantung kepada mental orang dan kasus penyebabnya.
Kesepian itu akibat dari keterasingan. Keterasingan dapat disebabkan sikap buruk seperti sombong, angkuh, keras kepala, yang membuat manusia diasingkan oleh kehidupan sosialnya.

F. Ketidak Pastian
Ketidak pastian berasal dari kata tidak pasti artinya tidak menentu, tidak dapat ditentukan, tidak tahu, tanpa arah yang jelas, tanpa asal – usul yang jelas. Itu semua dapat disebabkan karena pola pikir yang kurang bisa terfokus (konsentrasi).
Sebagai permisalan ketidak pastian adalah tentang kelulusan yang terkadang dapat menyebabkan kegelisahan. Lulus dan tidak lulus bisa jadi faktor yang menentukan status atau karir seseorang dalam hidupnya. Ketidak pastian dalam memprioritaskan kelulusan suatu jenjang pendidikan dapat merugikan ataupun membuat karir terancam.

G. Sebab – Sebab Terjadi Ketidak Pastian
Orang yang tidak bisa berpikir secara teratur, kurang bisa mengambil kesimpulan. Bila ini terjadi, dalam berpikir manusia selalu menerima rangsang – rangsang lain, sehingga kadang membuat jalan pikiran semakin menjadi kacau oleh hal tersebut. Penyebab bisa berupa tanda – tanda obsesi, phobia, delusi, kehilangan pengertian dan lain sebagainya.
Beberapa sebab orang tidak dapat berpikir dengan pasti ialah :
  1. Obsesi, merupakan gejala neurosa jiwa, yaitu adanya pikiran atau perasaan tertentu yang terus menerus. Biasanya tentang hal – hal yang kurang menyenangkan.
  2. Phobia, ialah rasa ketakutan yang tak terkendali, tidak normal, kepada sesuatu hal atau kejadian tanpa diketahui sebab – sebabnya.
  3. Kompulasi, ialah adanya keragu – raguan tentang apa yang telah dikerjakan, sehingga ada dorongan yang tidak disadari melakukan perbuatan yang serupa berkali – kali.
  4. Histeria, ialah neurosa jiwa yang disebabkan oleh tekanan mental, kekecewaan, pengalaman pahit yang menekan, kelemahan syaraf, tidak mampu menguasai diri atau sugesti dari sikap orang lain.
  5. Delusi, menunjukkan pikiran yang mengalami kekacauan, yang disebakan oleh suatu keyakinan palsu, diluar akal sehat, tidak ada dasar kenyataan dan tidak sesuai dengang pengalaman.
  6. Halusinasi, ialah khayalan yang terjadi tanpa rangsangan panca indera maupun dengan sugesti, seperti obat bius atau minuman yang memabukkan.
Keadaan Emosi, dalam keadaan tertentu seseorang sangat berpangaruh oleh emosinya. Sikap ini dapat berupa kesedihan menekan, tidak bernafsu, tidak bersemangat, gelisah, resah, suka mengeluh, tidak mau berbicara, termenung, menyendiri.


Sumber : www.elearning.gunadarma.ac.id/docmodul/ilmu_budaya_dasar

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Nickel metal hydride batteries are an older technology, and one that suffers from battery degradation more quickly than others. Newer, lithium-ion batteries are far more efficient, as well as longer lasting in both electric and hybrid electric vehicles. They don't suffer from memory formation like nickel metal hydride batteries, and tend to be able to provide more power for the engine than the alternative. Older hybrid electric vehicles may still use lead-acid batteries, but these are generally now considered bad for the environment, and are no longer used. There are pros and cons to making the move to an electric or hybrid vehicle. They are cheaper to run than ICE cars and have good speed, and hybrid electric vehicles have good range too. But the BEV class can run generally for only up to 40-200 miles, leading to what is known as range anxiety. Hybrid electric vehicles overcome by using the ICE as well, giving vastly superior range. Another downside is that the batteries wear out and need replacing. This is an expensive part on the car, and on a BEV the battery failure means that the car will completely fail to run. A hybrid at least has its ICE on which to fall back. However, the overall running costs to the owner are far less than for a vehicle with an ICE. The electric or hybrid electric vehicle has less moving parts and so less chances of failure that needs repair. Fuel efficiency of a hybrid is hugely increased, saving money for every mile driven, and for a BEV is even less as electrical energy is cheaper than gas. One of the biggest benefits to these vehicles is to the planet. Our oil reserves are finite and dwindling, and their continued use in this way further pollutes the environment. Moving to electric or hybrid electric vehicles will drastically reduce the pollutants emitted, and will slow the rate at which our planet's natural resources are exhausted. 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This increases repair costs, which insurance companies pass on to owners. Savings in running costs can help offset this. Options are varied when considering purchasing one of these cars, giving potential owners a good range of choice when it comes to the power, size and range of their vehicle. The following are currently available or soon to be released, highway ready environmentally-friendly cars. Full details are not available for some of those cars that are not yet on sale. The Nissan Leaf is an all electric car doing 100 miles per charge and up to 90 mph, and starting at $33,720. This is a modern looking car with a reasonable range, and a competitive pricing. The Tesla Roaster is also all-electric, with an incredible 245 miles per charge, 125 mph top speed, and costs starting at $101,500. This is a stunning looking car with an equally stunning performance-and a range like no other electric car. The Smart-ED all-electric model has a 98 mile maximum range, and a top speed of 60 mph. This small car will be perfect for city driving. Starting at $599 a month for a four year lease. Ford's own all electric car-the Ford Focus has yet to be released but is expected to have a range in excess of 100 miles per charge. This car will be available from late 2011, and looks to provide all of the high-tech options that people may want, in a very stylish exterior. Final price and other details have yet to be released. Chevrolet's Volt is a PHEV that is capable of speeds of 100 mph. Fuel economy depends on how often you charge the battery, with official figures released at 60 mpg using gas and electric combined. Prices start at $32,780, giving this a reasonable price tag along with good performance. Toyota's Prius is a PHEV that has an incredible range of 475 miles on a single tank of gas, when using combined gas and the electric motor. Unfortunately, since it won't be available till early 2012 there are no more details regarding performance and pricing. A full hybrid version of the Toyota Prius is also available, with a base price of $23,520. With a combined mileage of 50mpg and a top speed of 112 mph, it has enough power and efficiency for anyone. This is a tried and trusted hybrid car with a good reputation. Ford's Fusion has a hybrid version as well, with a starting price of $19,820. With a 700 mile range per full tank of fuel, and 41 mpg, it is powerful and sleek, and has the range to take you wherever you want to go. The Escalade hybrid from Cadillac is a luxury SUV, and so it's price tag is a little larger, at $74,135. Fuel efficiency is good for an SUV at up to 23 mpg and a range of up to 575 miles per tank. This SUV balances the needs of a larger family with the desire to be a little more environmentally friendly, and does so with incredible style.

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