Apa itu Class, Attribute dan Method

Pengertian class, attribute dan method

Class

Class merupakan suatu tipe data yang menggabungkan data dan fungsi untuk mengakses data. Sebagai contoh suatu kelas kalkulator yang megandung data bilangan1 dan bilangan2 dan memiliki fungsi untuk mengakses data tersebut, seperti : inisialisasi(), penjumlahan(), pengurangan(), perkalian() dan pembagian().
Data dan fungsi yang berada dalam sebuah class dinamakan anggota. Secara lebih khusus , data yang terletak dalam kelas dinamakan anggota data dan fungsi yang berada dalam kelas disebut anggota fungsi atau fungsi anggota atau terkadang disebut metode.
Contoh :

         class Program

            {

                private static void tulis()

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("method pertama");

                }

        }

Attribute

Adalah suatu pengenal yang digunakan untuk menyimpan suatu nilai. Nilai dalam variabel dapat berubah2 selama proses pada program masih berlangsung. Sebelum variabel digunakan, harus dideklarasikan terlebih dahulu, dengan format penulisan : ;
Contoh :
string kata;
int angka;

Method

Method adalah bagian dari tubuh program yang mengimplementasikan suatu action sehinggga class atau object dapat bekerja. Method diimplementasikan didalam class dan menyediakan informasi tambahan yang mana class tidak dapat menangani sendiri.
Penggunaan method mempunya beberapa keuntungan diantaranya :

Mempermudah perawatan dan manajemen kode.
Method bisa di panggil dari program utama atau dari sub program yang lain.
Method dipanggil berulang kali, sehingga tidak perlu menulis ulang kode yang sama ketika dibutuhkan.

Secara umum method dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu method static dan non static. method static hanya dapat di akses dari class, sedangkan method non static dapat di akses dari instances. Masing-masing method tersebut dapat mempunyai parameter atau tidak. Jika sebuah method mempunyai parameter, maka method tersebut dapat menerima dan/atau memberikan nilai kepada pemanggilnya.
Contoh :
namespace method
{
    class Program
    {
        private static void tulis()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("method pertama");
        }
        private static void garis()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("--------------------------");
        }
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            garis();
            tulis();
            garis();
            garis();
            Console.Write("Press any key to continue . . . ");
            Console.ReadKey(true);
        }
    }
}

Java Class

Kelas merupakan sarana pengkapsulan kumpulan data dan kumpulan method
java. Kumpulan data dan method terse but berwujud baris-baris program java.
Kumpulan method berfungsi untuk mengoperasikan kumpulan data dalam kelas
tersebut. Kelas digunakan untuk membuat objek, dan berperan sebagai tipe data dari
objek.
Anatomi Kelas
Bentuk umum struktur anatom i kelas sebagai berikut :
(modifier1) class NamaKelas (modifier2) {
classbody


Classbody terdiri dari satu atau beberapa attribute, constructor , dan
method. Modifier 1 dan 2 pada anatomi ke las, sifatnya optional, digunakan
berdasarkan kebutuhan. Modifier menunjukkan sifat-sifat tertentu dari kelasnya, sifat-sifat dari methodnya, atau sifa t-sifat attributenya. Ada 10 keyword yang digunakan
sebagai modifier 1 dan dikelompokkan menjadi :

1. Modifier akses (public, protected , default , private )
2. Modifier final
3. Modifier static
4. Modifier abstract
5. Modifier synchronized
6. Modifier native
7. Modifier storage ( transient , volatile)

Modifier yang memiliki sifat saling kontradiktif yaitu static dan abstract.
Sementara static tidak boleh memberi sifat pada interface , dan keyword super tidak
boleh digunakan pada method static.
Ada 2 keyword yang sering digunakan sebagai modifier 2, yaitu extends dan
implements .

Attribute
Deklarasi Attribute (Variabel Anggota Data)
Deklarasi diletakkan di dalam classbody (di luar method). Bentuk umum
deklarasi attribute :

[modifier] tipedata namavariabel;
[public] [static] final tipedat a NAMA_KONSTANTA = nilai;

Contoh :
public class CircleClass {
public static final double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;
public double x, y, r;
// dan seterusnya
}

Method Method merupakan tingkah laku dari suatu objek, jika bersifat static berarti
tingkah laku semua objek dalam kelas tersebut. Method diletakkan di dalam
classbody (sebaiknya tidak dile takkan dalam method lain).
Bentuk umum method :
[modifier] tipe_return_value namaMethod(tipe parameter) {
methodbody;
}

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